Data Report On Data Management And Analysis - 1176 Words

This section presents data process involved in data management and analysis, it discusses data entry, data cleaning and data analysis. The section starts with data entry where the data cleaning and analysis were presented thereafter. 3.14.1 Data entry Data entry refers to the process of recording data, regularly into a computer programmes (Rahm Hai Do, 2010). During the evaluation, data were entered into computerised software packages to assist in analysis process. Quantitative data from questionnaires and documentary review were entered to stata software programme whereby qualitative data obtained from interviews were entered to Atlas.ti software. A verbatim (transcription) was performed to transform word by word audio recorded interview data to written a document (Creswell, 2007), which by then were translated from Swahili to English language before being entered into Atlas.ti where the local translator was consulted to review the interview transcript. 3.14.2 Data cleaning Data cleaning refers to systematic procedure to identify and correct data errors and inconsistencies and omit them to enhance quality of collected data for analysis (Rahm Hai Do, 2010). In this evaluation all qualitative and quantitative data undergo cleaning process to ensure its consistency and accuracy. In this evaluation data cleaning for qualitative data involved a series of activities that included the followings as suggested by Miles and Huberman (1994): summarizing the qualitativeShow MoreRelatedTraining Process in Sas1207 Words   |  5 Pagesdemonstrations, hands-on computer workshops, and course notes that result in the best learning experience possible. In addition, we will provide a copy of the course notes to each attendee. Data Manager * SAS Programming Introduction: Basic Concepts INTRO * SAS Programming 1: Essentials PRG1 * SAS Programming 2: Data Manipulation Techniques PRG2 * SAS Programming 3: Advanced Techniques and Efficiencies PRG3 * Querying and Reporting Using SAS Enterprise Guide EGQR4 * SAS ProgrammingRead MoreProject Deliverable 1: Project Plan Inception Essay1192 Words   |  5 PagesInternet based company with the gross revenues of more than $35 million dollars per year. We are planning to merge with multinational company of equal size. 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A survey will beRead MoreBusiness Performance Management Assessment Tools1160 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness performance management is a set of management and analytic processes that enable the management of an organisation s performance to achieve one or more pre-selected goals. Synonyms for business performance management include corporate performance management and enterprise performance management.[1][2] Business performance management is contained within approaches to business process management.[3] Business performance management has three main activities: 1. selection of goalsRead MoreAn Effective Method For Integrating Enterprise Applications1328 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Today there is a new data management challenge that is an effective method for integrating enterprise applications. To learn from history and predict the future, plenty of companies are using Business Intelligence (BI) systems. 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What Is Crohn’S Disease. Crohn’S Disease, Also Known As

What is Crohn’s Disease? Crohn’s disease, also known as Regional enteritis or Regional ileitis, is an inflammatory bowel disease that is with the patient for their entire life. With Crohn’s, parts of the digestive system develop ulcers which are deep, inflamed sores (Healthwise Staff, 2014). These ulcers can cause excruciating pain for the patient. Normally, the small intestine and the first part of the large intestine are the affected areas of Crohn’s disease, but may develop anywhere in the digestive track (Healthwise Staff, 2014). Inflammation caused by this disease normally spreads deep into the affected layers of bowel tissue causing pain and may lead to life-threatening problems (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2017). Crohn’s disease causes†¦show more content†¦Diarrhea is common for those affected by Crohn’s disease, and the cramping also contributes to loose stools. Fever and fatigue are likely experienced because of inflammation or infe ction, which also causes the patient to lose energy. Abdominal pain and cramping is caused by the inflammation and ulceration affecting the normal movement of nutrients through your digestive system. The mouth sores that are a possible symptom may be very similar to canker sores. With the pain and cramping and the reaction in the wall of the bowel can affect the appetite and the ability to digest the food taken in (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2017). All patients who are affected by Crohn’s may not experience all of these symptoms, but they vary from patient to patient. Causes for Symptom Flare Ups Symptoms may worsen if the person has any of the following factors in their life. If they take certain medications it could cause the symptoms to become worse for a period of time. If the person develops an infection, have hormonal or lifestyle changes, or takes up smoking, the symptoms may become worse. The person should try to avoid these if possible so that they don’t experience worse pain (Healthwise Staff, 2014). 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Although they proposedRead MoreEssay on Analysis of Crohns Disease1176 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Crohns Disease An inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by intermittent and recurrent abdominal pain associated with ulceration in bowel function. Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders that cause inflammation or ulceration in the small and large intestines. Most often, inflammatory bowel disease is classified as ulceration colitis or Crohn’s disease but may be referred to as colitis, enteritis, ileitis, or proctitis (Crohns disease-website). Crohn’s diseaseRead MoreEssay on Overview of Crohns Disease1298 Words   |  6 PagesDescription Crohn’s disease is chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines however affects the entire digestive system, from the mouth to the anus otherwise known as the Gastrointestinal Tract (GI Tract) [1]. Individuals affected by the disease are often young adults and adolescents aged 15 – 35 [7]. 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The infections had an abnormal responseRead MoreInflammatory Bowel Disease/ Crohns Disease Essay1899 Words   |  8 PagesInflammatory Bowel Disease/ Crohns Disease Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic disorders that cause inflammation or ulceration in the small and large intestines. Most often IBD is classified as ulcerative colitis or Crohns disease but may be referred to as colitis, enteritis, ileitis, and proctitis. Ulcerative colitis causes ulceration and inflammation of the inner lining of a couple of really bad places, while Crohns disease is an inflammation that extends into the deeper

Introduction to System Design for Restaurant - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theIntroduction to System Design for Restaurant. Answer: Introduction The report is focused on a Mexican Restaurant franchise named Picoso and they have decided to move to the mobile-based system for good, for the development of the company (Wen, et al. 2014). The web-based food ordering service will be converted to the mobile-based food ordering service and this will serve the purpose of the enterprise. Besides all that, they have too planned to ship the food items to the respective customers' house. The report will showcase the benefits that the mobile-based platform has to offer to Picoso using the existing web-based system. The work breaks down structure here has to offer various criteria of the mobile-based food ordering services in the following report. The WBS will let us know the project phases and the attributes and those can prove beneficial to build the prototype model that will ease Picoso software developers to develop the software for them that can provide the company with the required benefits. Picoso has planned to develop the in-house mobile application that will be detailed in the report. Advantages of mobile apps over web-based apps The mobile based applications have quite popular in recent times and almost all the users are now using the technology to make their life easy and luxuries. All the users can have their favourite items at their fingertips with the aid of the mobile applications they can get what they want sitting at home (McWherter and Gowell 2012). The mobile based applications are more user-friendly and they are built in such a way that the customers can enjoy the applications with ease and more conveniently. The Dominos Us and the Starbucks have been highlighted in the report and they and their customers have been benefitted by the mobile applications. The software develops the applications so that that can attract the customers and all the customers irrespective of ages can use the applications (Bharadwaj, et al. 2013). Picoso has followed the footsteps, they want to enjoy the mobile application services that can benefit them, that can enhance the market share and the market size. The customers c an now the best quality food items from one of the best restaurants and the foods are at their fingertips (Zhao and Balague 2015). Moreover, the mobile application can provide them with the benefits to connect with the customers all day long, can order foods anywhere anytime. The customers or the users will not have to go here and there and they will not have to stand in the line to order and get the food items, when the users are hungry or willing to order any food items they simply can pick up the phone, call and order the items they want. Besides all that, there is another facility that the users or the customers can get, and that is the location-based characteristics (Kim, et al. 2013). This facility can enable the Picoso to locate the customers or the clients' location and in this way, the data can help to keep track of the regions from where the customers are ordering food items, this can facilitate the delivery boy while delivering the food items. Picoso can learn which regio ns prefer their products and can learn the customer base. The users of Picoso can connect with the restaurant all day and night, they can get the 24x7 services that seems quite not possible in case of web-based applications. The users can order food items while they are travelling. They can get the facility to order foods from any kind of places according to their convenient times; the college students can order the food items from the college premises, the school students from the schools and the office workers from the office premises. The mobile based applications also have the secure payment facility. They have got the secured network where they can transact the payment via mobiles. This makes the mobile applications more convenient and cost-effective. Picoso via these apps can keep records of the customers details about the foods they order and the foods they prefer. Thus Picoso knowing all the preference can provide discounts and in this way both the users and the Picosos empl oyees can get the benefits, this can help them to learn the existing market demands and the market overall scenario, the foods which are popular can be learnt by the ordering habit of the customers and the foods they take. The home delivery service can give them the edge by which they can stay ahead of their competitors. Thus mobile applications can really benefit them, can make the services effective and agile all the aspects have been showcased. Starbucks is the leading coffee retailer facilitates the customers with the mobile applications especially the iPhone applications. The iPhone has the capability to enhance the market, to enhance the business procedures relatively easy. The customers even have the facility to pay the bill in a secured manner with the aid of phone banking. Seeing Starbucks, Picoso too can take the example and can develop a secure tunnel to make the whole money transaction safe and secure (McWherter and Gowell 2012). This can help them to earn the customers trust. Also, they can protect themselves from the attackers;' attack. Thus the mobile applications can improve the restaurant services and the quality of life of the customers. To get the enhanced services the developers of Picoso must build the website keeping in mind the benefits aspects of the customers. They must deliver the items to the users in such a way so that they can enjoy hassle-free services with least affordable price. The customers after ordering the item, the ones from Picoso will confirm the order after that Picoso will start preparing the food. In turn, the cook must provide the time within which they will prepare the food and they deliver (Saarijarvi, Mitronen and Yrjola 2014). Thus Picoso will have to provide the scheduled time that can earn the trust of the customers. Also, in turn, the users can study every move of Picoso from preparation of food to delivery of the products. They must be punctual regarding this. Another example that has been showcased in the report is the Dominos US. They have been quite successful in conducting the business activities over the mobile platform and the about 1 million users have downloaded the app and using the facility, that shows the benchmark of the company. Picoso should be motivated and start their own mobile applications by which they will serve the users for good. The WBS structure of the Picoso application The work break down structure elaborates every detail of the applications which they want to develop and they want to take advantage of. The employees and the workers of Picoso can have the bigger view of the insider activities of the company. The hierarchical decomposition here can help to successfully accomplish the project in due time with maximum efficiency providing maximum productivity. The front-end development involves the user interface of the application that can help Picoso to get the desired result. The WBS for the front end development has been elaborated in details below- WBS Task Name Duration Start Finish 0 Developing Picoso mobile app 23 days Thu 10/19/17 Mon 11/20/17 1 Process Group starting 6 days Thu 10/19/17 Thu 10/26/17 1.1 Project Sponsor to be identified 2 days Thu 10/19/17 Fri 10/20/17 1.2 Meeting to be conducted 4 days Mon 10/23/17 Thu 10/26/17 2 Process Group Plan in details 5 days Fri 10/27/17 Thu 11/2/17 2.1 The project roadmap 4 days Fri 10/27/17 Wed 11/1/17 2.2 Project Risk Management 1 day Thu 11/2/17 Thu 11/2/17 3 Process Group Running 4 days Fri 11/3/17 Wed 11/8/17 3.1 The project work initiation 2 days Fri 11/3/17 Mon 11/6/17 3.2 Team analysts to be hired 2 days Tue 11/7/17 Wed 11/8/17 4 Proper monitoring of the process group 4 days Thu 11/9/17 Tue 11/14/17 4.1 Detailed monitoring of the project work 2 days Thu 11/9/17 Fri 11/10/17 4.2 The scope creep to be maintained 2 days Mon 11/13/17 Tue 11/14/17 5 Process Group closure 4 days Wed 11/15/17 Mon 11/20/17 5.1 Post-implementation examination 2 days Wed 11/15/17 Thu 11/16/17 5.2 Proper documentation of the project work 2 days Fri 11/17/17 Mon 11/20/17 Table 1: The WBS of Picoso (Source: Created by author using MS Project) The front end development is important for every enterprise and Picoso is no exception. The app must be user-friendly and should be developed keeping in mind so that every user can use the app. Therefore, proper design, development, execution is an absolute necessity. Testing phases associated with WBS have been detailed in the report and based on the testing the app is customized and the performance of the application can be measured by the prescribed WBS structure. Table 1: The WBS of Picoso (Source: Created by author using WBS schedule pro) Recommendations for Picoso mobile application The in-house applications are those applications which can be modified at the time of development procedure. The recommendations for Picoso are- The mobile application must be made-up in a way such that it can give a recommendation of food items which they like and want to buy, should recommend the latest food items which are currently very popular in the market. The mobile app must be user-friendly and the interface of the application must attract the users and foods should be displayed clearly and distinctly so that they can attract the customers that can increase the sales process. The payment must be made using the secured channel or the secured gateway so that the money transactions remain safe and secure. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discourse that the mobile applications can give Picoso the edge by which they can furnish the business operations within their premises. The smartphone and the advanced internet connectivity have added a feather to the business, the mobile application of Picoso can ease the life, can make the life of their customers more luxurious, the users can enjoy foods simply sitting in the drawing room. The users just do not have to visit the restaurant, they get the same taste food relaxing at home. They have the facility to transact money online securely with the aid of mobile online banking. The users can enjoy the services whole day and they have also the ability to cancel the order. Various phases and various deliverables have been showcased in the report. The breakdown structure has been elaborated in details in the report and the work break down structure has focused on building front-end development of the application. Thus this report can conclude tha t the mobile applications can make a significant enhancement to Picoso's business operations. References Bharadwaj, A., Sawy, O. E., Pavlou, P. and Venkatraman, N., 2013. Digital business strategy: towards a next generation of insight. s.l.:s.n. Kim, E., Lin, J. and Sung, Y., 2013. To app or not to app: Engaging consumers via branded mobile apps. Journal of Interactive Advertising, Volume 13(1), pp. 53-65. McWherter, J. and Gowell, S., 2012. Professional mobile application. s.l.:John Wiley and Sons. .Saarijarvi, H., Mitronen, L. and Yrjola , M., 2014. From selling to supporting-Leveraging mobile services in the context of food restauranting. Journal of restauranting and consumer services, Volume 21(1), pp. 26-36. Wen, D. et al., 2014. In: June Gamification design for increase customer purchase intention in a mobile marketing campaign app.. s.l.:Springer,cham, pp. 440-448. Zhao, Z. and Balague, C., 2015. Designing branded mobile apps. Fundamentals and recomendations, Volume 58(3), pp. 305-315.

My First Week in College free essay sample

What a feeling! It’s finally here! As the plane lifted off to take me to a new destination, a new era in life, I felt myself emerging from being a boy into a young man. As mom pulled up to the college in our rented SD car, I took a gasp of fresh air. I saw many cars with students pulling up to the campus with curious on lookers like myself. My mom entered the long lines that moved as slow as a snail; it felt as though what usually would take an hour to do took forever. Mom and my aunt setup my room, took me along with my siblings to dinner, gave me their long speech and said their goodbyes. Oh yes! Bring on the freshmen party! The tours of the campus, international student meetings and I can’t forget the shuttle to the mall and Walmart. I thought to myself this is freedom; freedom away from my parents nagging me to clean my room, the dishes or take out the trash. We will write a custom essay sample on My First Week in College or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Full with excitement of meeting new people and getting to know my campus better the first few days was good. I woke up suddenly thinking I had over slept but it was only 4:00 a. m. , couldn’t get back to sleep but slowly drafted off as I watched the seconds on the clock ticked away. I was awaken by my roommate movement in the room, â€Å"Ritchie, we late for school†, I got up rushed into our common bathroom (which was nothing I am used too), racing over to get to my first class dropping my books and feeling embarrassed. My stomach was tied up in a knot, as I approached the door of my class my legs buckled and became heavy, my inside turned over, and I had butterflies. As I stretched my shaking hands forward to open the door anticipating a huge room full with students, I asked to Lord to keep me covered but to my surprise the room was empty. Could you believe this, at that moment I was still living the life of a high school student and came to a quick realization that college life is nothing like high school or even elementary school because out of humiliation I found out that the reason we registered for class was to set the times we preferred to go to class. So, yes on the morning i made my first baby steps towards my dream, I came to the reality how would I survive without my mom. I remembered thinking that if she was here to wake me up I would have known that I didn’t have any class until 2:00 p. m. Still a little nervous, I went for breakfast in the caff and then went and sat in the student lounge area. As some freshmen, who I knew came from class they shared their experience, which settled my stomach a bit. The next few days went well, I got to know my new professors but I just can’t get my alarm to ring.

Obama by David Sedaris Essays

Obama by David Sedaris Essays Obama by David Sedaris Paper Obama by David Sedaris Paper The essay is a flashback from David Seeders time in France during the election in 2008 in the United States. Skin color. Our skin color is part of our appearance, but is it also a part of our personality? In America this question were discussed when Barack Obama was running for his presidential election in the year of 2008 2009. Many Europeans believed it was impossible to see a half-black candidate win the election in 2009, because they thought that any Americans would never vote for a black candidate. In David Seeders essay: Obama!!! , he explains, in a rather humorist way how prejudices can lead to huge misconceptions between different countries. The reader mostly hears about Seeders life in France. The essay focuses on the differences between European and American politics, when it comes to racism, race discrimination and sexual discrimination. One of the things David Seeders mentions is how much an American election all of a sudden becomes a world election. In the start of his essay, David Seeders describes how people he ivied among in Normandy did not take part of their national politics and local government affairs. However, when a black candidate is running for president in America, thousands of miles overseas, they wake up and are willing to be a part of the election even though they are not inhabitants. This can be interpreted as the importance American politics has in Europe. In this context the topping of the cake is when a black is leading the campaign for president in the ASSAI, which is host the famous Sucks Klan and also the Tea Party movement. This irony and sarcasm constitute the tone and style throughout he essay: Its not that I dont have opinions about these things; I just dont feel theyre in any way special. David Seeders uses a lot of humor, so that his message becomes more eatable for the reader. I does this to raise concerns about the topic in a humorist way, without it becoming frivolous. What allows him to talk about prejudices and racism is that he is a gay comedian, which is the ironic and humorist fact about David Seeders. This allows him to talk about these sensible subjects, because many in Europe and USA have prejudices towards gays and comedians. Seeders explains, which headlines here published in the French newspapers during the years before the election. Seeders writes: The farmer across the road from us, Robert Bob Greener was profiled in the late 1 sass. The Man who Truly Whispers to Horses, read the headline. The picture was Of him seeming to gossip into the ear of his Peppercorn, a dappled mare as solid as a dump truck. Then it takes a turn when people finds out that a black man is running for president. The story above is completely different from the stories during the American election in 2008-2009 it turns 180 degrees to a more global perspective. Seeders believes it is the skin color of Barack Obama which draws the attention and not his politic which makes the people of France interested in his campaign. During his time in Normandy Seeders describes how people approached him and told him that: Americans never would vote for a black candidate, because many in America are racists. This key point is, elaborated later in the essay. In this context, he also describes how his dad thought that people in France were hostile towards Americans and it was a dangerous place to for an American to be. By this, Seeders plants the thought in the adders mind that when a French individual thinks of a typical American, the individual bases his thoughts on a fictive stereotype. This also applies when an American thinks of a French or other Europeans. Seeders writes: I remember my dad calling after the Iraq war started and asking if I felt safe on the streets of Paris. He had the idea that Europeans, and specifically the French, had become openly hostile and were targeting Americans even throwing bottles at them. If that Was happening, I neither saw it nor read about it. In this passage, David Seeders tries to tell the reader that to judge n American or a European based on prejudices and stereotypes is wrong. This is seen clearly in the last sentence in the passage above, where he tells the reader that none of his dads prejudices is correct -and he is not experiencing any hostile behavior from the French people in the period during the Iraq war. Therefore, David Steadiers main allegation is that it is impossible to judge people without knowing them properly. In this context David Seeders is being rather objective because he criticizes both countries for having prejudices towards each other. This makes him very reliable because e has lived in both countries and experienced both cultures therefore it makes his allegations and conclusions reliable. Seeders moves on and tells the reader about his experiences with the European reporters during his travel through Europe in 2008-2009. David Seeders was surprised by the European attitude and he describes them as a people with many prejudices towards the American people. David Seeders says: The reporters in Greece, the ones in Australia and Amsterdam and Dublin, all of them assured me that the American people never would elect a black president. To this Seeders replies: Maybe, he said, but Ill bet you that half of America could elect a half-black president. By this Seeders means that around half of the American inhabitants are colored and therefore would be able to elect Obama. This consequently leads to David Seeders main point in the essay; David Seeders is surprised that many Europeans believe that inhabitants Americans would not vote for Barack Obama because of his skin color and not because of his politic program. The Americans are therefore accused of being more racists than the European countries. In this context, David Seeders wonders why France has a far-right political party, where the leader glorifies the Nazi-occupation of France during World War 2. This is an interesting point, because we often tends to forget how our own political system works when we compare it with other countries. In this case, the people that David Seeders talks with forgets all about how their own country works and looks in the eyes of none- inhabitants. They wanted Obama because he was black and because his politic was more like the European politic. The conclusion to the essay is that David Seeders explains how prejudices between different countries can lead to huge misconceptions between nations and how different political systems affect the minds of people in terms of judging other countries political system. Seeders also concludes that racism is still a part of our normal life; it has changed from the known Nazi-racism to a new form of racism. Throughout the essay David Seeders is being rather objective because he criticizes both countries for having prejudices towards each other. He does this in a humorist way, so that no one feels offended.

Cretaceous-Tertiary Mass Extinction

Cretaceous-Tertiary Mass Extinction Scientists across several disciplines, including geology, biology, and evolutionary biology, have determined that there have been five major mass extinction events throughout the history of life on Earth. For an event to be considered a major mass extinction, more than half of all known life forms in that time period must have been wiped out. Cretaceous-Tertiary Mass Extinction Probably the best-known mass extinction event took out all the dinosaurs on Earth. This was the fifth mass extinction event, called the Cretaceous-Tertiary Mass Extinction, or K-T Extinction for short. Although the Permian Mass Extinction, also known as the Great Dying, was much larger in the number of species that went extinct, the K-T Extinction is the one most people remember because of public fascination with dinosaurs. The K-T Extinction divides the Cretaceous Period, which ended the Mesozoic Era, and the Tertiary Period at the start of the Cenozoic Era, which we currently live in. The K-T Extinction happened around 65 million years ago, taking out an estimated 75% of all living species on Earth at the time. Many people know that land dinosaurs were casualties of this major mass extinction event, but numerous other species of birds, mammals, fish, mollusks, pterosaurs, and plesiosaurs, among other groups of animals, also went extinct. Asteroid Impacts The main cause of the K-T Extinction is well documented: an unusually high number of extremely large asteroid impacts. Evidence can be seen in various parts of the world in layers of rock that can be dated to this time period. These rock layers have unusually high levels of iridium, an element not found in large amounts in the Earths crust but is very common in space debris such as asteroids, comets, and meteors. This universal layer of rock has come to be known as the K-T boundary. By the Cretaceous Period, the continents had drifted apart from when they were one supercontinent called Pangaea in the early Mesozoic Era. The fact that the K-T boundary can be found on different continents indicates the K-T Mass Extinction was global and happened quickly. Impact Winter The impacts werent directly responsible for the extinction of three-quarters of the Earths species, but their residual effects were devastating. Perhaps the biggest issue caused by the asteroids hitting Earth is termed impact winter. The extreme size of the space debris vaulted ash, dust, and other matter into the atmosphere, essentially blocking out the Sun for long periods of time. Plants, no longer able to undergo photosynthesis, began to die off, leaving animals with no food, so they starved to death. Its also thought that oxygen levels declined due to the lack of photosynthesis. The disappearance of food and oxygen affected the largest animals, including land dinosaurs, the most. Smaller animals could store food and needed less oxygen; they survived and thrived once the danger passed. Other major catastrophes caused by the impacts included tsunamis, earthquakes, and possibly increased volcanic activity, yielding the devastating results of the Cretaceous-Tertiary Mass Extinction event. Silver Lining?   As horrific as they must have been, mass extinction events were not all bad news for those that survived. The extinction of the large, dominant land dinosaurs allowed smaller animals to survive and thrive. New species emerged and took on new niches, driving the evolution of life on Earth and shaping the future of natural selection on various populations. The end of the dinosaurs particularly benefited mammals, whose ascendance led to the rise of humans and other species on Earth today. Some scientists believe that in the early 21st century, we are in the middle of the sixth major mass extinction event. Because these events often span millions of years, its possible that the climate changes and Earth changes- physical changes to the planet- that we are experiencing will trigger the extinction of several species and in the future will be seen as a mass extinction event. Sources K-T Extinction: Mass Extinction. Encyclopaedia Britannica.Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction Event. ScienceDaily.com.Why Did the Dinosaurs Go Extinct? National Geographic.

Introduction to the Practicum Experience Article

Introduction to the Practicum Experience - Article Example The following objectives will provide guidance for my professional development: In this regard, through the teaching programs I will work closely with my mentors and not only receive the hands-on clinical experience but also integrate vital skills in screening and assessing treatment of the various diseases. During practicum, students directly engage the clients hence guide themselves (Armstrong, 2013). Following the direct engagement with real clients and in this case I will stand a position to acquire skills and techniques. This way, I will be able to better understand my strengths and limitations and further influence my attitude, values and life experiences. An experienced health physician works diligently and always acts in good faith (Cipriano and Murphy, 2011). Through the practicum, I will strictly adhere to the advice and guidelines issued by the mentors. Further, I will seek guidance on how to address certain situations. This way, I will stand a position to develop problem-solving skills. Problem-solving skills are perceived very crucial in leadership (Clark, 2013). Leadership is core in nursing process and adequately influences the decision making process (Wilkinson et.al,

Profits and Supply and Demand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Profits and Supply and Demand - Essay Example The products consist of casual clothing of the 21st Century. It entails stylish watches, T-shirts, Leather bracelets, stylish shirts, rings, body con dresses for women and necklaces all in varieties and with the latest fashion. The products we offer are luxury fashions for both genders. The luxury items are mainly reliant on the need for the customer gain what they see and feel from the use of luxurious items. The idea is to make the consumer feel expensive and look great as well as bearing the consumers emotional speculations ‘I want people to notice me’, ‘this is a fifty dollar item’. The products supply depends on the consumer’s preferences and order basis for items above fifty dollars. The items distribution is through an online platform to allow placing orders, expressing interests and even a blog on fashion style. The product features include leather items and precious metals such as gold, silver and diamonds. Other resources needed include an online platform worth $1000, five retail outlets spread across the region targeting people in love with fashion and value. These outlets will stock of $2000 valued items each with varying stocks depending on the market flow and location. The other resources include annual marketing costs approximated to be 30% of the initial financing. These will cater for social media, print media such as magazines and other affiliate marketing options. The products supply is from wholesale outlets as well as imported, depending on the item location and perceived value of the products. The other sources of the items include buying used items from events that use them for a one-time event as well as from individuals with higher preferences. The initial financing is $14,300 to cater for startup costs. During the first year of operation, sales are targeted at $10,000, with an explicit cost of $6,000 that gives revenue of $4,000 (Boundless, 2015). The profits of the company are expected to grow with

Business related Essay Example for Free

Business related Essay 1. Define Marketing. What is marketing process as set out in your text book. Explain the various elements of marketing process. ( LO1; Assessment Criteria 1.1) 2. Select an organization of your choice, identify the marketing orientation it focuses on and evaluate the benefits and costs of the marketing orientation for the selected organization ( LO1; Assessment Criteria 1.2) 3. The Dunkin’ Donut Case: ( LO1; Assessment Criteria 1.2) For more than 50 years, Dunkin’ Donuts has offered customers throughout the United States, and around the world, a consistent experience – the same donuts, the same coffee, the same store dà ©cor – each time a customer drops in. Although the chain now offers iced coffee, breakfast sandwiches, smoothies, gourmet cookies, and Dunkin’ Dawgs in addition to the old standbys, devoted customers argue that it’s the coffee that sets Dunkin’ Donut apart. To keepcustomers coming back, the chain still relies on the recipe that founder Bill Rosenberg crafted more than 50 years ago. The company is so concerned about offering a consistent, high-quality cup of coffee that managers in Dunkin’ Donut’s â€Å"Tree-to-Cup† program monitor the progress of its coffee beans from the farm to the restaurant. The result? Dunkin Donuts sells more cups of coffee than any other retailer in the United States – 30 cups a second, nearly one billion cups each year. Building on that success, the company plans to more than triple its current number of stores, amassing 15,000 franchises by the year 2015. What marketing orientation does Dunkin Donut follow here and why? Give reasons and justification Learning Outcome/s achieved in the assignment: By completing this assignment successfully, the student will achieve the following learning outcome:Learning Outcome LO1 Understand the concept and process of marketing Assessment Criteria 1.1 explain the various elements of the marketing process 1.2 evaluate the benefits and costs of a marketing orientation for a selected organisation Grading Criteria PASS The student will be awarded a PASS grade if he/she achieves all assessment criteria MERIT: The student will be awarded a Merit grade if he/she The learners evidence shows for : M1 Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions †¢ effective judgements have been made †¢ complex problems with more than one variable have been explored †¢ an effective approach to study and research has been applied DISTINCTION: The student will be awarded a Distinction grade if he/she The learners evidence shows for: †¢ conclusions have been arrived at through synthesis of ideas and have been justified D1 Use critical reflection to evaluate own work †¢ the validity of results has been evaluated using and justify valid conclusions defined criteria †¢ self-criticism of approach has taken place †¢ realistic improvements have been proposed against defined characteristics for success

Hawthorne Effects On Factory W :: essays research papers

Hawthorne experiments were conducted at the Hawthorne (Illinois) plant of the Western Electric Company to determined the psychological factors, components of the job and work satisfaction on the employees. The experiments identified the factors that will help me to manage the operating employee of the factory. The Hawthorne experiments were divided into three phrases and there were 4 experiments conducted within this purpose.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first phrase was the test room studies where there were two experiments conducted for this purpose. The first experiment was the illumination experiments (1924-1927) which studied the effects of lighting on output. Two groups of workers were selected in the company and one group had no variations in its level of lighting while the other group were placed under the envoirement that had several variations from better to worse. The result was surprising, as output of both groups were increased. The second experiment named Relay Assembly Test Room ((1927-1929) were conducted to further the investigation. In this experiment, a group of women were made to subject of various conditions that include the effects of changes in working conditions such as rest periods and meal breaks. Again, the result of the experiment shown that regardless of whether the conditions were improved or worsened, the productivity always increased. Elton Mayo identified this situation is due to the fact that the women responded to the researchers’ attention. And saw themselves as a special group. This form of behavior is known as â€Å"Hawthorne effect†. From the first phrase of studies, I learnt that an important factor were not the incentives or working conditions, but is the esprit de corps that lies within the workers. In this case, I need to develop the esprit de corps among the operating workers by showing more personal interest to them. In short, I need to pay a lot of attention to the operating workers in my factory. The second phrase of the Hawthorne experiment was the interviewing studies. Interviewing programs were established to determine the attitudes of people at the plant towards their jobs, working conditions and supervision. It was also aimed to establish the importance of social relationships in the work situation to increment the interest in human relations at work. 21000 people were interviewed for a morale survey. The survey, however, cannot identify the dissatisfactions of the workers. The result of the survey identified that the wealth of material gained was used to improve several aspects of working conditions and supervision.

College is worth it Essay

Having a higher education has various benefits. A person’s chances of being employed are higher, they will earn more money than if they had a blue collar job, and most importantly it will teach them how to live. They will learn â€Å"how to be an informed and involved citizen, how to communicate effectively, how to understand other cultures and peoples, and how to think and reflect. For many students, college is a time of personal growth and social development-a chance to make friends, get to know people from different backgrounds, and explore new ideas and activities† (Graff, Birkenstein, Durst 177). Paying for college can be really stressing, both physically and emotionally. People will have to struggle with loans, financial aid, and possibly having multiple jobs. Despite the difficulties of attending college, it will be worth it and benefit you greatly in the end. In elementary school, most of you must have been asked what your dream job was. Your answer was most likely a fireman, a teacher, a superhero, or a singer, right? But as the years went by, you probably changed your mind, because you began to realize that people cannot fly, your voice was not the greatest or there was no way you can deal with annoying kids and not even get paid enough for it. By your senior year in high school you should have already had an idea of what you wanted to be, or what major you wanted to study at least. The majority of high school graduates will attend college, and if they don’t they will go straight into the workforce, either because their parents cannot afford college, or they simply do not like school, or join the Navy or the Army for that same reason of disliking school and they find it easy because recruiters make it sound that way. Some high school students start working and when they see the amount of money they are getting, they start to believe that maybe they don’t even have to go to college. They might just live well off of their blue-collar job earnings. What they do not realize is that their parents are most likely not going to want them living at home forever and if they move out to have their own place, all the money they earn will no longer go to just gas and food. They will now have bills to pay. They might be capable to cope with everything if they have a full-time good paying job or if they have two or more jobs. They might think that their friends going to college have a part-time job and are struggling trying to pay for tuition, books, and rent. What they don’t think of though, is the future. They do not realize that a few years from now, their friends will be college graduates, either with an Associate’s degree or a Bachelor’s degree. Even though it might take them a while to find a job, when they do, they will be earning twice as much money than the person who chose not to go to school. Many high school graduates are naive enough to believe that the military or whatever they get into is going to help them out with college when they get back home. It is disturbing to know that many young people go out to fight for their country and when they come back they are disappointed to find out that everything they did was not even worth it. They come back as changed people, and not always for the better. Some who actually get to see combat, come back mentally ill or even missing body parts. Their lives might never be the same after everything they have seen and been through. On top of that, they try coming back to college, and ask about the â€Å"help† they were going to receive, and they end up getting no aid. Afterwards there they are struggling to get their veteran benefits, trying to be someone bigger and better in life. In today’s economy, lack of a college education greatly limits opportunities. Basically the longer people stay in school, the more likely they are to have a job. College graduates are not only more likely to have a job but have a much better paying job. The unemployment rate for individuals who hold a Bachelor’s degree has always been about half the unemployment rate of individuals who hold a simple high-school diploma. â€Å"During a fourty-year full-time working life, the median earnings of bachelor’s degree recipients without an advanced degree are 65% higher than the median earnings of high school graduates† (Baum, Ma, Payea). Wilson claims that â€Å"a student who graduates with $20,000 in debt should be able to make at least that amount in extra earnings in one to two years’ time, she calculates, simply by having earned a college diploma† (260). People with a higher education also seem to be more satisfied in their jobs than people who only have a high school diploma. â€Å"The percentage of workers ages thirty to forty-five who report being very satisfied with their work ranges from 42% of those with less than a high-school diploma and 51% of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher† (Baum, Ma, Payea). You can gain self-confidence after having obtained a higher education. You will realize that you really are capable of learning at a high level. â€Å"Having the higher education will have prepared you to contribute to the industry you have chosen to get into. If you have higher education in a field that you are interested in, you will have a better chance of getting a job that best suits you and your abilities. This can be a very rewarding thing because you will be able to more easily find work which involves you doing something that is interesting for you, and something that you enjoy doing† (Benefits of Getting a Higher Education). Without the higher education, you will have to limit yourself to what you are qualified for. Not only does having a higher education improve your self-confidence, but your health as well. College graduates tend to have better health. â€Å"A 2006 study published by the Carnegie Mellon University Psychology department found that college degree holders have lower levels of cortisol, a stress hormone, compared to people with less education† (Hardy). They are also less likely to be out of shape, end up living on the streets, in jail, be smokers, or rely on government programs. â€Å"In 2012, only 8% of individuals with at least a bachelor’s degree smoked, compared to 25% of high school graduates and of those without a high school diploma† (Baum, Ma, Payea). The poverty rate for an individual with a bachelor’s degree is about one-third of the poverty rate for an individual with a high school diploma. â€Å"Nearly 70% of college grads had employer-provided health insurance, while only 50% of high school graduates had that benefit according to a 2008 report by the College Board†(Hardy). Works Cited â€Å"Benefits of Getting a Higher Education† . N. p.. Web. 23 Oct 2013. . Hardy, M.. N. p.. Web. 23 Oct 2013. . Graff, Gerald, Birkenstein, Cathy, Durst, Russel. They Say, I Say (with readings). New York. London. W. W. Norton & Company Inc. 2006. Print Baum, Sandy, Ma, Jennifer, Payea, Kathleen. Education Pays 2013. 2013. The College Board. Wilson, Robin. â€Å"A Lifetime of Student Debt? Not likely. † They Say, I Say (with readings). Graff, Gerald, Birkenstein, Cathy, Durst, Russel. New York. London. W. W. Norton & Company Inc. 2006. Pages 256-273.

Boxing should be outlawed

We know that every individual is really inclined in sports. Some people are into sports because they want to see themselves being physically fit and it is a form of their hobby, too. But how about if the sport an individual engages involves intense physical contact that can cause him injury or disability instead of being physically fit? This kind of sport may pertain to boxing because it instigates a lot of physical pain and injury after the fight. Boxing is one of the phenomenal sports nowadays.Most individuals, young and old, really like to watch boxing especially if one of the opponents are their favorite boxer. Several individuals world widely are even encouraged to join boxing because it motivates them to become physically fit. Boxing also gives them an opportunity to experience quality life through the big prizes they receive from the fight and it maybe the chance that they will be recognized world widely; thus, for those individuals who like boxing very much consider it as an art and a sport where you try to predict the next move of your opponent.Moreover, boxing is sometimes called as â€Å"the manly art of self-defense† and it is a kind of sport in which the two opponents try to punch each other with the use of gloves at the same time try to avoid the opponents’ punches. But in spite of its popularity and advantages, many claimed that boxing is not a sport but a â€Å"barbaric† act because it inflicts too much physical pain and it is compared into cockfighting or dueling. Boxing is almost the same with dueling because the participants make an agreement to commit acts upon themselves that can also be considered crimes in different venues.Several advocates believed and debated that boxing must be banned. What are the grounds then of these advocates that they want boxing to be banned or outlawed? For sure, these advocates have reasonable and valid reasons why they want boxing to be outlawed. One article written by Oscar Avelar Bernste in refuted that boxing is not a sport. He said that boxing is come from the Roman Empire which society is full of violence and where gladiator fights are practiced.And there is no doubt why boxing involves barbaric and violent acts because it speaks of where it comes from. To witness a weaker opponent who is being crushed by a stronger opponent and will definitely lead to a bloody fight may be a good ground to banned boxing (see Oscar Avelar Bernstein. â€Å"Boxing is Not a Sport! †). Boxing motivates the audiences, especially the young audiences, to become violent. What the children observed during the fight surely registers on their minds and have the tendency to imitate those punches and become violent.Boxing should be outlawed because it can cause severe injuries, disability or sometimes death if the weaker opponent cannot longer bear the pain caused by the blows that are released by the stronger opponent. Though boxing instigates discipline and a lot of advantages yet it cannot compensate the pain and physical damages which your body receives from the fight. Reference 1. Oscar Avelar Bernstein. â€Å"Boxing is Not a Sport! † http://class. csueastbay. edu/english/real/REAL96/Solos/boxing. html

10 Facts on Contemporary Issues in U.S. Education for an Informative Speech

10 Facts on Contemporary Issues in U.S. Education for an Informative Speech Statistically, United States spend more on education per student than any other country in the world. However, despite being ranked 14th by the Learning Curve Pearson Research, the US education system is not void of contemporary issues. If you have to cover this broad topic in an informative speech and cannot think of something yet, here are ten facts that will ignite your creativity. Here are some of the facts on contemporary issues in U.S. education that you can use for writing an Informative Speech on the matter: The Common Core State Standards have been subject to debate since their inception. The mixed response to this matter is due to political and public feedback taken into consideration during the creation of these standards. Regardless, 42 states have adopted this and many are deciding to let it be. The No Child Left Behind Act is another much-criticized initiative because the federal government, ironically, has actually left behind a lot of children due to their lack of funding. Student’s achievements are evaluated by an annual reading and mathematics test, which teachers prepare the students for in advance because that is how they are supposed to keep their jobs. As the focus of these evaluation tests is math and reading, other important subjects are neglected, such as art, social studies, and physical education. The US education system was not spared when the time of budget cuts came. Inflation has led to a great decline in education funding. Several educational programs have faced cuts such as Title I Grants by 6.8 percent, the Impact Aid that was diverted to help the districts on American Indian and Federal lands by 5.3 percent, the advanced placement program by 38.4 percent, and civic education by a 100 percent. These numbers look even worse when we look at the overall educational expense reduction. A total of 19.8 percent has been reduced in the educational budget between the years 2011 and 2015. Students are not able to concentrate enough because of the lack of concern when it comes to school violence. Violence in schools is due to various reasons, such as an uncomfortable environment at home, the overall crime rate in the neighborhood, and the negligent behavior of school administrators. School violence has become such a big problem that even the school staff’s safety has come under question. There is a substantial percentage of students who carry weapons of sorts to school. Physical fights have become a norm. Overall, a significant number of students do not attend school in some areas due to the fear of their safety. Foreign students whose native language is not English suffer enormously in the US education system. While it is mandatory for them to learn English as a secondary language, the system is not catching up to the huge amount of non-English speaking immigrants arriving to the US with kids below six years of age. Generally, these students are more likely to drop out of school. Furthermore, the administrators themselves sometimes encourage them to do so just so that they can improve their average score results. Teachers as well evaluate them with lower difficulty, creating a hurdle in their personal grooming. To this day, the US education system has not unanimously agreed upon the definition of a ‘Gifted Student’. Due to the lack of a universal system or attention to the gifted children’s education, these kids are more likely to develop academic, social and emotional problems. The budget allocated towards this issue has been declining ever since the cold war ended. Till this day, there is a debate about whether the term ‘Gifted’ is limited to medical reasons or potential. Even in times like today, gender bias exists, and it can affect kids at an early age too. Gender bias is the profiling of kids according to their gender. Certain teachers may subliminally incite the idea that a male or female student is supposed to be good at a particular subject just because that’s how members of their genders are. It has become a bigger problem in today’s world because of the fact that the professional environment in offices have evolved. Grooming the child from an early age is important so that they understand equality and behave in a way that would not isolate them in their older age. There is a standard test called â€Å"High Stakes Test† which is given to students as early as in kindergarten or 3rd grade. This test is done to see whether the teacher or the administration is up to the standard set by the state. This is a highly controversial way because this gives teachers and administrator cause to tweak their academic calendar and train students for the upcoming tests. There should be a more transparent and systematic way to perform this which does not strain the minds of little children with another test. Politics plays a huge role in the development of education system. Each time there is an election, the candidate presents his or her absolute discontent towards the education system and presents all the changes that they portray as if no one has ever imagined. An education strategy should not be altered way too many times and there should be a proper debate between respected and well-reputed teachers and economists to decide on a plan of action that all the newly elected government officials reinforce. The wage of a school teacher is not enough to attract qualified graduates to choose teaching as a profession. Those who are working already do not have enough incentives to perform better in class. The problem is this that the teachers are evaluated but they are not incentivized. If you want more straightforward topics, check out our list of 20 topics on contemporary issues in U.S. education for an informative speech. On the other hand, if you need help with writing this speech, refer to our guide on how to write an informative speech about education. References: High Stakes Testing Pros and Cons. (n.d.). Retrieved April 22, 2016, from education.com/magazine/article/high-stakes-testing-pros-cons/ Levine, M. D. (1994). Educational care: A system for understanding and helping children with learning problems at home and in school. Cambridge, MA: Educators Pub. Service. Weishaar, M. K. (2007). Case studies in special education law: No Child Left Behind Act and Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Prentice Hall. Finley, L. L. (n.d.). School violence: A reference handbook. Sadker, D. M., Sadker, M., Zittleman, K. R., Sadker, M. (2009). Still failing at fairness: How gender bias cheats girls and boys in school and what we can do about it. New York: Scribner. Camacho, J. S. (2008). Higher education as ignorance: The contempt of Mexicans in the American educational system. Lanham, MD: Hamilton Books. Top 100 Universities in the World 2012. (n.d.). Retrieved April 22, 2016, from bbcactive.com/BBCActiveIdeasandResources/100TopUniversitiesintheWorld.aspx

Timeline of Greek and Roman Philosophers

Timeline of Greek and Roman Philosophers What was the first cause of our existence? What is real? What is the purpose of our lives? Questions like these have become the basis of the study known as philosophy. While these questions were addressed in ancient times through religion, the process of logically and methodically thinking through lifes big questions did not begin until about the 7th century BCE. As different groups of philosophers worked together, they developed schools or approaches to philosophy. These schools described the origins and purpose of existence in very different ways. Individual philosophers within each school had their own particular ideas. The Pre-Socratic philosophers are the earliest of the philosophers. Their concern was not so much with the topics of ethics and knowledge that modern people associate with philosophy, but concepts we might associate with physics.  Empedocles and Anaxagoras are counted as Pluralists, who believed there is more than one basic element from which everything is composed. Leucippus and Democritus are Atomists. More or less following the Pre-Socratics came the trio of Socrates-Plato-Aristotle, the schools of the Cynics, Skeptics, Stoics, and Epicureans. The Milesian School: 7th-6th Centuries BCE Miletus was an ancient Greek Ionian city-state on the western coast of Asia Minor in today’s Turkey. The Milesian School consisted of Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes (all from Miletus). The three are sometimes described as materialists, because they believed that all things derived from a single material. Thales (636-546 BCE): Thales was certainly a real historical individual, but very little evidence remains of his work or writing. He believed that the first cause of all things was water, and may have written two treatises entitled On the Solstice and On the Equinox, focusing on his astronomical observation. He may also have developed several significant mathematical theorems. It is likely that his work strongly influenced Aristotle and Plato.Anaximander (c.611-c.547 BCE): Unlike Thales, his mentor, Anaximander actually wrote materials can be credited to his name. Like Thales, he believed that just one material was the source of all thingsbut Anaximander called that one thing the boundless or infinite. His ideas may well have strongly influenced Plato.Anaximenes (d. c. 502 BCE): Anaximenes may well have been a student of Anaximander. Like the other two Milesians, Anaximenes believed that a single substance was the source of all things. His choice for that substance was the air. Accor ding to Anaximenes, when the air becomes finer, it becomes fire, when it is condensed, it becomes first wind, then cloud, then water, then earth, then stone. The Eleatic School: 6th and 5th centuries BCE Xenophanes, Parmenides, and Zeno of Elea were members of the Eleatic School (named for its location in Elea, a Greek colony in southern Italy). They rejected the idea of many gods and questioned the idea that there is one reality. Xenophanes of Colophon (c. 570-480 BCE): Xenophanes rejected the anthropomorphic deities and considered there to be one incorporeal god. Xenophanes may have asserted that men may have beliefs, but they dont have certain knowledge.Parmenides of Elea (c. 515-c. 445 BCE): Parmenides believed that nothing comes into being because everything must derive from something that already exists.Zeno of Elea, (c. 490-c. 430 BCE): Zeno of Elea (in southern Italy) was known for his intriguing puzzles and paradoxes. Pre-Socratic and Socratic Philosophers of the 6th and 5th Centuries BCE Anaxagoras of Clazomenae(c. 499-c. 428)Greek philosopherProtagoras(480-411)Greek philosopher SophistSocrates(c. 469-399)Greek philosopherPlato(c. 427-347)Greek philosopherDiogenes of Sinope(412-323)Greek philosopher Philosophers of the 4th Century BCE Aristotle(384-322)Greek philosopherEpicurus(341-271)Greek philosopherEuclid(c. 325-265)Greek mathematicianAristarchos(c. 310-250)Greek astronomer Philosophers of the 3rd Century BCE Chrysippus(c. 280-207)Hellenistic philosopherEratosthenes(276-194)Hellenistic astronomer Philosophers of the 2nd Century BCE Panaetius(c. 185-110)Stoic and Neo-Platonic PhilosopherLucretius(c. 98-55)Roman poet and Epicurean philosopher Philosophers of the 1st Century CE Epictetus(50 - 138)Roman philosopherMarcus Aurelius(121-180)Roman emperor and philosopher Philosophers of the 3rd Century CE Plotinus(c. 204-270)Greco-roman philosopher Philosophers of the 4th Century CE Hypatia of Alexandria(c. 370-415)Alexandrian philosopher Philosophers of the 4th Century CE Boethius(480-525)Philosopher and Christian martyr who was called the last of the Romans.

Comparison between Sultan Saladin and Baibars Essay

Comparison between Sultan Saladin and Baibars - Essay Example Sultan Salah ad-Din al-Ayyubi (Saladin) was the significant leader of the Ayyubid Rule from 1171-1250, and also the first Egyptian leader after the demise of the last Fatimid caliph. The successive period known as the Mamluk Period (1250-1517) was marked by the leadership of Al-Malik Baybars I. Saladin and Baybars are important historic leaders of their time periods and represented intelligently formed armies, great achievements and territorial progressions. Saladin, a Kurd and Baybars, a Turk, were both the famous Muslim leaders of middle Ages who fought valiantly against the crusaders and established glorious Muslim victories in the Middle East. Abu al-Muzaffar Yusuf b. Ayyub known as Salah al-Din which means the Reformer of the Religion was the fundamental founder of the Ayyubid Dynasty. The glorious dynasty ruled over Egypt, upper Iraq, Syria and Yemen for a long period of time. His claim to fame is considered as the capture of Jerusalem from the Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1187. He also played a crucial role in opposing the crusaders. In his initial years, Saladin was a part of the Syrian military expeditions in Egypt and fought to defend the Fatimid caliphate against the forces of Jerusalem. Saladin came into power and gained prominence when he was appointed as the commander of the Syrian forces. He proclaimed the return of Sunni Islam in 1171. Till 1186, he expanded the Muslim land and combined the lands of Egypt, Syria and Mesopotomia. With unifying major Muslim lands and gaining immense power, Saladin strengthened his grounds for facing the Christian crusaders and their threats (Bowering et al 2013). Saladin was very enthusiastic and religiously motivated while fighting the crusaders to protect the Holy Islamic lands and landmarks. Baha al-Din wrote about Saladin, â€Å"In his love for the Jihad on the path of God he shunned his womenfolk, his children, his homeland, his home and all his pleasures, and for this world he was content to dwell in the shade o f his tent with winds blowing through left and right† Thus, the writer has narrated that Saladin’s goals and desire for success were of utmost importance to him (Nicolle & Dennis 2011). Saladin ruled for twenty four years out of which he spent eight years in Cairo. He established schools, hospitals and improved infrastructure (Asante, 2002). Saladin was remembered even by his enemies because of his honesty, chivalry and generosity. Unlike other Muslim emperors he was not cruel to his subordinates. He altered tax structure in Egypt supported higher education (Frank N Magill, 1998). It was in his reign that he brought the Mamluk Circassians and Turks from the Black Sea region and they were also allowed to own land, raise families and even gain social prominence (Asante, 2002). The main achievement of Saladin was that he won the Battle of Hattin in 1187 and conquered not only Jerusalem but also much of the Crusader kingdom. In 1187, Saladin announced jihad against the Chri stians who had invaded the Middle East. The invasion included attempts to conquer the Holy Land. As commander of the Muslim forces, he gathered the Muslim allies, soundly defeated the Christians and regained rule in the city of Jerusalem. His army expressed acts of chivalry and nobility that were highly appreciated and admired by the enemies themselves and was contrasted with the crusaders; brutality. Saladin signed a peace agreement with the King of

PSY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PSY - Essay Example This article classifies consciousness variation into two states, in which sleep plays a major role. These states are Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep and the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. The author regards the aspect of consciousness as a slippery concept, which cannot be touched or seen. That this nature of consciousness limited past psychologists from studying it, and so most were compelled to study behaviorism. At least behaviorism is observable, hence to study, unlike the unobservable consciousness, which is quite hard to study. On the concept of sleep, the article emphasizes the importance of sleep. The author argues that the physical and psychological impact of sleeplessness is evidence that sleep is vital. The problems associated with sleeplessness are mentioned to include increased irritability, reduced alertness, and reduced attention. An important effect of loss of sleep is mentioned as sleep-deprivation psychosis, which is characterized by disorientation, confusion, hallucinations, and delusions. Nonetheless, the importance of both REM sleep and slow-wave sleep are emphasized. These have different roles they play in human body. Slow-wave sleep is vital in refreshing the body after physical fatigue. The author recommends that developing children must be offered ample time to sleep. He explains that it is during sleep that a growth hormone is produced. Therefore, the longer they sleep, the faster they will grow. In the article, sleep is considered a biological rhythm, which cannot be sidestepped. It is like an internal clock, which is set to a 24-hour cycle. According to the author, this â€Å"clock† experiences grogginess and sometimes peaks at different times of the day, depending on temperature and neutral firings of human bodies. The hypothalamus and the pineal gland are responsible for the control of this rhythm. However, the optic nerve and melatonin hormone play

Prepare a report for the board of directors of Summer Bodysuit Ltd Coursework

Prepare a report for the board of directors of Summer Bodysuit Ltd that analyses the problems faced by the company and that sets - Coursework Example 2. To study whether bank’s request for a significant reduction in the overdraft facility granted to Summer Bodysuit Limited is reasonable. Structure of the organization The financial problems in a company arise mainly due to weakness in the structure of the organization. Jill Dempsey and Mike Greaves have good experience in the company’s business. The business model, designing and manufacturing of casual and leisure clothes aiming particularly at the younger and higher-income market, is in line with their experience. However, the weakness in the organization structure lies in lack of proper system for financial management. Financial management is a specialized area which needs expertise for efficiency in business operations. Keeble brothers’ involvement in the day to day business activities has been very limited. The business has grown well over the period of time and the order recently received from Arena, a chain of casual and sportswear stores is seen particul arly important. The draft accounts from the Auditors confirm the company’s success. But, lack of suitable system for working capital management and planning in capital investment has landed the company in the current financial difficulties. Relationship with the bank and planning for the future The bank wants the company to reduce the overdraft by half over the next six months. The company had breached its overdraft limit on several occasions over the past few years. The management is aware of the fact that the patience of the bank has been wearing thin. The largest shareholder of the business is Keeble Estates Ltd, owned by David and John Keeble. Neither they are in a position to make further investments nor willing to accept investments from new investors, fearing loss of influence over the company. It is in this backdrop the analysis is done to make suitable recommendations for taking necessary actions to overcome the current financial difficulties. Business operations Dec how et al (2010) state, â€Å"the quality of a ?rm’s earnings depends on both the ?rm’s ?nancial performance and on the accounting system that measures it.† Prima facie the company has not accorded the deserved attention to accounting in the organization. The management has embarked on investment spree without making necessary arrangements for the additional working capital needed for its operations. David et al (2007) states that â€Å"overcon?dent managers underestimate risk and therefore take actions with excessive risk†. Evaluation of the business prospects involves analysis of several factors relating to the business. Schrand and Zechman (2009) state that â€Å"the overconfident managers make optimistic forecasts and in order to meet these forecasts, exhibit higher levels of fraud and earnings management.† Though the results do not in any way suggest fraud its management of finance calls for critical analysis. Gross profit margin during the la st two years has been at 14.99% and 20.61% respectively which reflects the soundness of the business proposals of Jill Dempsey and Mike Greaves. The increase in capital investment and consequently working capital required additional investments which are met primarily through bank overdraft. â€Å"An overdraft facility enables businesses to obtain short-term funding - although in theory the amount loaned is repayable on demand by the bank† (Riley, 2012). The bankers are now asking the company to reduce the

Essay on the Difference Between Chiefdoms and Tribes

Essay on the Difference Between Chiefdoms and Tribes Introduction The Swazi of Southern Africa and the Mayogo of Northern Democratic Republic of Congo represent two different chiefdoms that live in Africa. The two chiefdoms share more with states than with tribes, a reason which explains its existence within the boundary of many states in Africa. The Swazi chiefdom is situated in the southern Africa in a landlocked country that was rule according to the chiefdom rules even with the coming of the white man and obtaining independence 1968. The chiefdom share many aspects with the state, a reason which explains the absence of conflict that inflicts the two institutions in comparison with the state and the tribe. The research paper will analyze the two chiefdoms of Mayogo and Swazi through the use of comparison with the state and the tribe by focusing on such points as kinship, marriage, citizenship. The Mayogo The Mayogo are people who live in the Northeast of the Democratic Republic of Congo, they used to live independently as chiefdom until the 19th century when the country was invaded by the Mangbetu who formed the state under which the Mayogo were governed. However, the internal affairs of the chiefdom were in control by the chiefs. The Mayogo speak a language that belongs to the same family of Swazi which is Bantu, most of them have converted from animism to Christianity mainly Catholicism. The areas in which the Mayogo live have certain autonomy as the people pay allegiance to the Chiefdom. Although the flag was apparent in the documentary but no allegiance is paid to the national anthem. One of the reason, why the state of Democratic Republic of Congo, formerly known as Zaire is not bother by the presence of the chiefdom of Mayogo in its territory is because it is not menaced by it in addition to the fact that the chiefdom provides protection to its population which the state cannot afford to due to the vast surface of the territory and its vicinity to war zones exemplified by the refuges that live in the country in addition to a civil war that it is undergoing. The Swazi The Swazi took their name from their king, Mswati, Swaziland is a chiefdom that is organized into dual monarchy with the king and the queen at its head, the king is refereed to by the Swazi as Ngwenyama (Lion) while the queen is known as Ndlovukazi (Lady Elephant).[1] The chiefdom is based on common ancestry and fictive kinship, like the state the chiefdom is based on a social contract between the population of Swaziland who accept top pay allegiance to the king by obeying his orders, providing goods and services, and paying taxes in return for protection from outsiders mainly Zulu and Shaka. For instance, King Sobhuza maintained the loyalty of his population by protecting them from Shaka to the extent that he sent his daughters to be married by Shaka knowing that they will be killed once they are pregnant.[2] The successor of king Sobhuza, Mswati, was left with a strong Kingdom, respected and feared by neighboring tribes, with a centralized political system controlling several thous ands of people scattered over areas reaching far beyond the boundaries of modern Swaziland.[3] The interest of Europeans to colonize the area came from two parties the Dutch Boers and the British, in 1865 the two parties are going to find an excuse to enter the country which to provide peace and end civil war. The year coincided with the death of King Mswati which entered the country into a civil war due the rivalry of who is going to become the new king. Eventually Mdandzeni was the king and even during his reign instability was present.[4] A Comparison between Chiefdom and Tribe The tribe and chiefdom have a similar aspect in terms of their value of raiding while the Swazi during the reign of king Mswati acquired a reputation of terror and fear many of their warriors were indulging in raids with neighboring chiefdoms and the looting was distributed by the King.[5] Likewise, the Famous tribe chief Auda abu Tayi the leader of the Howeitat tribe who said that he is like a river to his people meaning that all what he obtain from raids is going to be redistribute to his tribe.[6] Moreover, Hospitality is another characteristic that shared between tribes and chiefdom. Regarding chiefdom, the headman is expected to be magnanimous.[7] Kinship is an important factor that distinguishes chiefdom from the state and put on equal footing with the tribe, it used to define who is going to be married from a particular person and other issue as it is stated by Hilda Kuper kinship by descent and ties by marriage influence behavior in a great number of situations; they determine where and with whom a person lives, his range of friends and enemies, whom he may or may not marry, the positions to which he is entitled.[8] Regarding tribes the preference is being given to first cousins but instances of incest are not absent though rare, both among Tribes Swazi, especially the king who is allowed as he is the only man permitted to marry a clan sister.[9] This network of kinship was kept even when the British administration was in the country, it was only a current move to incorporate the dual monarchy as a single government for the whole country of Swaziland.[10] The importance given to law seems to be a feature shared by both the tribe and chiefdom as the tribe regulates its problems according to its tribal law while the Swazi have a highly developed legal system and a graded hierarchy of courts that coincide roughly with the political structure. In case of the Swazi seems to be working with the introduction of the state while it is the opposite for tribes as in some instances revenge requires killing a person as compensation. While the Swazi differentiate between private matters such as theft and cases that require death penalty such as murder. In The former the guilty party pays compensation directly to the ill-treated person while on the latter the compensation is given to the king as he the representative of the state.[11] Hilda Kuper mentioned an example that would illustrate this dichotomy of law among the chiefdom. It involves the case of a woman called Velepi Hlatshwako who deserted her husband, Alpheus shongwe, after 20 years of mar riage because of his bad treatment of her and eloped with her lover, Isauk Mabuzo. In order for the lover to marry the Velepi he has to pay lobola (bride price) to her family which it refused. The matter is going to exacerbates when Velepi had a daughter and Alpheus asked for both of them as a he paid lobola. This time the two couple became convert to Wesleyan church therefore the matter was taken to different court and in the end the court stated that Velepi soiled the law.[12] The state and chiefdom law tend to overlap and contradict each other, however the likelihood of going against the states is less than the tribe where state rule is absent. For instance, the Swazi people who work in the administration or white-controlled bureaucracy[13] but their loyalty falls under their chiefdom. One of the major difference between chiefdom and tribe lies on the fact that the way the tribal chief chosen has nothing to do with his noble heritage or family instead what matter is his reputation for hospitability, honor and experience while for the Swazi as well as the Mayogo of Northern Democratic Republic of Congo the chief is hereditary position which is banqueted only by inheritance. Therefore, competition and rivalry is major aspect of chiefdom and this best seen during the death of Kind Mswati, that resulted in a civil war between his sons whereas tribal people tend to elect a chief of their tribe based on reputation, which means that once the chief is being seen as corrupt the tribal people outstrip of his leadership automatically by not listening to him. And even the way the tribe vie their chief is different from chiefdom whereby the Swazi regard their king as a father and not a dictator.[14] Marriage is an important institution upon which a the follower of the king is taken, polygamy is abundant among kings and in order to avoid conflict between kings` sons it is the child of the senor wife that is entitled to the throne however, seniority is not always decided by age but by other factors as it is pointed out by Hilda Kuper Among the Swazi aristocracy the first wife is never the main wife. Seniority in marriage brings certain advantages during the headman`s lifetime, but upon his death other factors are considered. The most important is pedigree, and the daughter of a king or leading chief generally takes precedence over all other wives.[15] The Swazi developed a sophisticated system of succession to protect the future king from the rivalry of his brothers to the extent that the first son of king is never going to take his place, Seniority and pedigree play an important role in selecting the future king.[16] Regarding tribal law, it is very different from state law and d oes not tend to be mixed as is the case with both Swazi and Mayogo as knowledge of the chiefdom law and court procedure are part of the daily life of chiefdom people.[17] A Comparison between the Chiefdom and the State Just like the state, the country of Swaziland is divided into different districts. The queen shares power with the king, however her realm is situated in the area of household and rituals. Unlike Western countries, religion in Swaziland is an important aspect of the country that is governed by the queen; it is one of the characteristics that differentiate an outsider from a Swazi. The Swaziland chiefdom maintains its political system and insures its survival by following a system of military fear based on executions so that any enemy would think twice before trying to invade the country. The second way is upgrading lineage through marriage, whereby women play a major role in succession mainly the queen mother, as the children of a senior wife are supervised and shunned from going outside to protect them from magic spills. In other words, the king rules outside while the queen rules inside the household. Even though the country is big, the king insure that it stays in order by dividin g into district and letting local chiefs (sikhulu) reign them and in cases of district that the king does not trust he appoints his brother or his half brother to rule them, a practice used during the reign of King Mswati, when the Kingdom of Swaziland rule over a large territory and have a reputation. According to Hilda Kuper power moves down through a chain of British-appointed officials on the one side and the traditional hierarchy on the other, with conflict centered in a few leading personalities. Educated Swazi, including some of the traditional system for reaching rapid and major decisions, but they are seeking to build on certain accepted foundations and do not want an imitation of constitutional techniques developed in alien context.[18] In a chiefdom both power can be shared with states with small incidents of conflicts compared to tribes, and most of the time when the chiefdom laws came to contradict laws of the states it is usually driven by personal interest. For instance, the reason for changing the Westminster constitution that the British brought to Swaziland has to do with the failure of a Prince Mfanasibili in elections against Ngwenya, therefore to get rid of his rival he found the loophole that since he is a South African he was deported to the border in may 25 1972 and because the conistution was in favour of Ngwenya regarding his deportation, it was also changed.[19] The independence of Swaziland brought the problem of who is entitled toser ve in an office with such factors as loyalty and family playing a major role in appointment the educated Swazi who are not from a royal kinship posed a problem to the royal group and raised their concern over education as a means to secure their positions. The opposite is apparent in the Mayogo of Northern Democratic Republic of Congo. Unlike the British colonies where education was emphasize, the French colonies relied on military people to rule on their colonies Citizenship is an important aspect of defining who is Swazi and who is not, in practice all those people entitled to be Swazi have the privileges of security, that is protection from enemies, they can acquire land; and most importantly they can have the national mark in order to wear Swazi consume which is a slit in the lobes of the ears.[20] The chiefdom shares with the state the concept of citizen and who is entitled to be a citizen? Such a question is going to raise problems in Swaziland due to its diversified population and the changing concept of allegiance, as it system by which Swazi express their loyalty to their king. However, the influx of many non-Swazi who were brought by the white settlers brought the issue of loyalty to the fore as they plead their allegiance to their employers instead of the king, in addition to their different traditions and culture which makes the Swazi feel threatened about their status to the extent of putting the blame on crime on the non-Swazi po pulation.[21] According the Swaziland law Citizenship was a privilege, not a right; a commitment, not a label,[22] which means that factors such as language, history, race and religion come to define who is a Swazi and who is not, therefore citizenship is exclusive and not inclusive. Another problem that is brought the issue of citizenship is the fact that South Africa is home to 700, 000 Swazi people which indicates the problem of the king to grant them citizenship without land support and most importantly the problem of dual citizenship as they are both citizens of South Africa and also entitled to the citizenship of Swaziland, while the non-Swazi who live in Swaziland are not regarded as citizens as they lack the features of a Swazi. Land is an important accepts in Swaziland in addition to pastorals rooted in its cattle complex[23] due to the importance of lobola which is usually expressed in cattles. The land posed to be a problem in 1907 as 45% of the land in Swaziland was owned by non-Swazi owing to the Land Proclamation of 1907.[24] Unlike, its neighboring country Zimbabwe, the Swaziland government response to reform the land by taking into consideration the local Swazi without alienating the white community A major component of the state in addition to sovereignty and territory is monopoly over the use of violence. The distinction between police and soldier does not exit in Swazi chiefdom it was only brought by the British. The Swazi rely on emabutfo to provide protection; they are a mix of soldier and police. However by the coming of the British they introduced police force which was viewed as a rival by Emabutfo.[25] However the role of Emabutfo is going to be underscored due to the regional incidents that occurred in Ethiopia where Haile Selassie was deposed and Mozambique where the socialist Samora Machel was recognized as the leader of the country. These events prompted Swaziland to develop an army by relying on emabutfo. [26] Conclusion To conclude, the chiefdom share many point with tribes and states. however, the fact it has many point to share with the state that the tribe make it adaptable to survive even within the boundary of the state because it does not threat the establishment of the state. It shares with the state the social contract under which the population pays loyalty through obedience and taxes in return for protection. And unlike the tribe the chiefdom does not have the problem of minority group. Because even in their meeting not everybody in the chiefdom is invited in the secret meetings save the elders, whereas in a tribal society every person who is an adult has a saying that the chief has to take into consideration as he has the power to influence decision making but to the extent of making an order. Bibliography Chief Anga Ganga Kangolo Lost Kingdoms. Discovery Channel, 1988. Kuper, Hilda. The Swazi: a South African Kingdom. Mason, Ohio: Cenage Learning, 2002. Lawrence of Arabia, DVD, Directed by David Lean. 1962.

Female Ambiguity :: essays research papers

Female Ambiguity: Kirke from The Odyssey vs. Bianca from The Taming of the Shrew   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Women are ambiguous characters throughout texts such as The Odyssey and The Taming of the Shrew. In these two stories, there are female characters that are deceitful and beguiling towards men. Kirke and Bianca are two comparable characters that display such behavior. I will explain how both characters display ambiguity by hiding their true nature behind actions that they wouldn’t normally take; therefore these female characters are being deceitful to those who fall for their actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kirkie displays her obscure behavior at the point of The Odyssey when some of Odysseus’s crew is sent up to Kirke’s hall. When the men lay eyes on her she is weaving on her loom. Kirke’s weaving is a domesticated action to the crew of Odysseus’ men who witness it. Before the men see her the carnivorous mammals at her entryway that seem to be under her spell intimidate them. Kirke’s weaving alone is not what enticed the men to her, yet it was her singing which was described as beguiling, that made the men believe she was an angel. â€Å"Low she sang in her beguiling voice, while on her loom she wove ambrosial fabric sheer and bright, by that craft known to the goddesses of heaven.† (Homer 171) This action of weaving and singing gains the trust of the weary men who then wish to approach her. The sirens also sing. Somehow with female singing men lose their rational thoughts and become hypnotized by the sound. Weaving is an action used at least by one other female character, Penelope that deceives a large group of men into thinking that the female is harmless and domestic. In this story all the females that sing use it as a lure of the men and it works every time, however the waving trick didn’t work so well for Penelope and her secret of unraveling a shroud she would spend all day weaving was discovered. The crewmen in this part of the story see Kirke singing on the loom and it strikes their hearts and they seem to narrowly forget about the wolves and lions at her entrance only to see her young beautiful image as a fine woman. Polites, one of Odysseus’ crewmen broke the silence held by the men to assure them that this womanly duty Kirkie performs makes her seem harmless and that they should not hide away from her.